Neurofeedback for functional neurological disorders: future directions for research and clinical practice.
The paper explains why neurofeedback deserves careful study as an adjunct in FND care. It does not show that neurofeedback is already an effective treatment for FND.
Di Basilio D, Casson AJ, Jones A.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · Publication date: 2026-09-17
Added to site: 2026-09-17
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2024.0468
Publication date verified through PubMed citation data and the Crossref record.
- Modalities
- Neurofeedback, EEG
- Clinical focus
- Functional neurological disorder, Research methods, Personalization
- Population
- People with functional neurological disorder are the proposed target population for future studies
- Sample
- Not applicable; no new participant study
- Intervention / method
- Proposed research framework covering targets, modality, training dose, transfer assessment and integration with physiotherapy
- Comparator
- Not applicable
Clinician summary
The authors connect network-level FND models with related neurofeedback literature and propose transparent target selection, protocol reporting, transfer testing and patient-centered integration within multidisciplinary care.
How to interpret the findings
Direct empirical evidence in FND is limited, methods vary across conditions and modalities, and no new clinical outcomes are reported.
Equipment and disclosures
No specific neurofeedback device was evaluated. The article discusses EEG and fMRI neurofeedback as distinct research modalities.
Funding and competing-interest details were not available in the checked indexed abstract.
Related evidence
Compare findings from the same clinical area, including mixed results.
- Clinical Efficacy of High-Frequency Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression and the Predictive Role of Baseline Triglyceride Levels: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial. · Positive with limitations
- Excitation/inhibition balance subtypes in autism and their genetic, neural, and clinical profiles. · Positive with limitations
- Identifying poor responders to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation using structural brain networks. · Positive with limitations
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