Source first published online August 18, 2026. Historical addition to Neurofeedback.com, added October 8, 2026 after full-text review.
Twenty outpatients with mechanical neck pain were randomized to four supervised sessions of movement training with real-time visual and auditory biofeedback or to repeated cervical movements without feedback. Ten participants entered each group.
All participants completed the two-week intervention and assessment. The feedback group completed every scheduled session, and no adverse events were reported. Within that group, flexion and extension repositioning errors fell by 51.95% and 46.67%, with additional changes in selected movement directions and fear-avoidance scores.
The strongest conclusion is feasibility, not comparative efficacy. The pilot was not powered for definitive between-group testing. Outcome assessment was unblinded, baseline measures had some moderate imbalances, multiple analyses were exploratory, and there was no follow-up. Pain and neck-disability changes were not statistically significant within the feedback group.
The study was supported by Taiwan research and university grants listed in the retained records. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
AI-assisted source review and summary; no human clinical review is implied. The image is an AI-generated conceptual therapy scene, not the study equipment, participants or a treatment result.