Source published October 7, 2026. Added to Neurofeedback.com October 10, 2026 after full-text review.
A four-person multiple-baseline study tested iNems, an experimental rehabilitation system that used sensorimotor EEG to estimate motor intent and scale visual and electrical feedback across three individualized levels. The random-feedback baseline phase provided a within-person reference before adaptive training began.
All four participants improved on at least some movement and body-perception measures during adaptive training. Fugl-Meyer upper-extremity scores increased by 6 to 16 points. Integrated effects were large for Box and Block performance, sense of agency, body ownership and numbness in affected participants. The system triggered feedback during an average 78.8% of motor-imagery trials.
The study's central idea is graded feedback. Instead of treating motor intent as a simple on-or-off event, the experimental system adjusted feedback intensity to the EEG signal. That may offer rehabilitation researchers a richer way to connect attempted movement with sensory experience.
This is early evidence, not a treatment verdict. Four participants are too few for general conclusions, there was no parallel control group or blinded assessment, and rest-trial false positives were not systematically measured. Natural recovery, concurrent rehabilitation, expectation and repeated testing could also contribute. Larger randomized trials are needed.
The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science supported the study. One author was employed by Watanabe Hospital and one by CARETECH Plus Inc.; the remaining authors declared no relevant commercial or financial relationships.
AI-assisted source review and summary; no human clinical review is implied. The image is an AI-generated conceptual rehabilitation scene. It does not depict the study participants, iNems hardware, electrical stimulation or a measured treatment result.